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Horace King (architect)
Horace King (sometimes Horace Godwin) (September 8, 1807 – May 28, 1885) was an American architect, engineer, and bridge builder.〔Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia
, ''(Horace King Historical Marker )'', retrieved November 3, 2007.〕 King is considered the most respected bridge builder of the 19th century Deep South, constructing dozens of bridges in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi.〔''The New Georgia Encyclopedia'',"(Horace King (1807-1885) )", retrieved November 3, 2007.〕 Born into slavery in South Carolina in 1807, King became a prominent bridge architect and construction manager in the Chattahoochee River Valley region of Alabama and Georgia before purchasing his freedom in 1846. He went on to construct lattice truss bridges in the style of Ithiel Town at every major crossing of the Chattahoochee River and over every major river in the Deep South between the Oconee and Tombigbee.〔''The New Georgia Encyclopedia'',("Horace King (1807-1885)" ); John S. Lupold and Thomas L. French, ''Bridging Deep South Rivers: The Life and Legend of Horace King'', (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2004), 20-21.〕 King served as a Republican member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1868 to 1872.〔Historic Chattahoochee Commission, ''(Chattahoochie Trace Historic Markers )'', retrieved November 3, 2007.〕
== Early career ==
Horace King was born as a slave in the Cheraw District of South Carolina, in present-day Chesterfield County, in 1807. King's ancestry was a mix of African, European, and Catawba, with contemporary biographer F.L. Cherry describing his complexion as showing more "Indian blood than any other."〔F.L. Cherry, "The History of Opelika and Her Agricultural Tributary Territory", ''The Alabama Historical Quarterly'' 15, No. 2 (1953), 193, 197.〕 Taught to read and write at an early age, he had become a proficient carpenter and mechanic by his teenage years. Records indicate King spent his first 23 years near his birthplace, with his first introduction to bridge construction in 1824.〔Lupold and French, ''Deep South Rivers'', 14, 20.〕 In 1824, bridge architect Ithiel Town came to Cheraw to assist in the construction of a bridge over the Pee Dee River. While it is unknown whether King assisted in the construction of this bridge or its replacement span built in 1828, Town's lattice truss design used in both Pee Dee bridges became a hallmark of King's future work.〔Lupold and French, ''Deep South Rivers'', 20〕
When King's master died around 1830, King was sold to John Godwin, a contractor who also worked on the Pee Dee bridge.〔Cherry, ''History of Opelika'', 197; Lupold and French, ''Bridging Deep South Rivers'', 20.〕 King may have been related to the family of Godwin's wife, Ann Wright.〔 In 1832, Godwin received a contract to construct a bridge across the Chattahoochee River from Columbus, Georgia to Girard, Alabama (today Phenix City). Initially living in Columbus, he and King moved to Girard in 1833.〔Lupold and French, ''Bridging Deep South Rivers'', 51.〕 The pair began many other construction projects, including house building. They built Godwin’s house first, then King’s. This was followed by many speculative houses, resulting in nearly every early house in Girard being built by the pair. The Columbus City Bridge was the first known to be built by King, who likely planned the construction of the bridge and managed the slave laborers who built the span.〔''The New Georgia Encyclopedia'',("Horace King (1807-1885)" ).〕
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